Drugs Used in Common Eye Diseases

Blindness is a major health problem the world over. It is estimated that there are approximately 50,000,000 blind persons in the world and another approximately 150,000,000 with diminished or impaired vision who are unable to function effectively. The factors causing visual disability, are discussed briefly in this chapter.

Eye Infections

Allergic Conjunctivitis

It could be seasonal keratoconjunctivitis seen usually in summer season. Patient has complaints of eye discomfort and redness. It is treated with combination of anti-allergies and low dose of steroids. Another form of allergy is due to use of medication, for which the use of drug should be stopped.

Bacterial Infection

Infection of eye membrane (conjunctivitis) and eyelids (blepharitis) occurs both in children and adults. It may occur in a newborn baby (neonate) too. It is usually caused due to poor hygiene. There may be discharge from the eye. The eyelids may adhere to one another and it may be difficult to open the eye. Sometimes a boil may appear on the eyelash with pus in it (stye). In this case eyelash should be removed by a specialist followed with proper medication. Fomentation of the eyes with boiled water and a pinch of boric acid powder also provides some relief. Infection of cornea may be a severe condition, which if left untreated

may cause complete blindness, hence it requires aggressive treatment.

Fungal Infection

Injuries due to wooden stick or a thorn or vegetable matter can cause fungal infection. This a corneal ulcer, which is difficult to treat and needs a specialist's intervention.

Viral Infection

Trachoma is a contagious inflammation of eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is not a true virus but resembles a virus in its properties. It develops slowly. Initially, the patients feels irritation in the eye with redness. This may progress to the formation of small follicles and scarring of eye membrane. If cornea is involved, it may lead to blindness.

Epidemic kertoconjunctivitis is usually seen after rainy season and is caused by Adenovirus. It has no specific treatment. Herpes, a common viral infection, can also cause corneal ulceration.

Treatment of Eye Infections

The treatment of infection of the eye requires anti-microbial eye drops or ointments.

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