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Pinhole glasses are based on an optical phenomenon that has been known by competitive target shooters for years. In essence, the pinhole functions as a glassless optical aperture having the desired effect of increasing the depth of field that the image remains in clear focus. Shooters are able to see clearly both near and far images -- something impossible with corrective lenses. Thus competitive shooters, limited to open sights, are able to clearly see the target as well as the mounted sight -- again, without this optical phenomenon, those without nearly perfect vision would be unable to compete.
Photographers are also aware of the optical effect of a pinhole increasing depth of field.
While a single pinhole (aperture) is suitable for the limited act of competetive shooting, the field of view is quite limited. That is the area viewed is highly localized. Pinhole glasses are constructed with an array of pinholes (apertures) and increase the field of view -- essentially, the wearer has a field of view comparable to ordinary vision -- but with objects both far and near in focus. Again, this result is not possible with ordinary glass lenses. Ordinary lenses try to solve the near-far situation with such features as bifocal grindings -- the end result is that the entire field of view is not in focus. With the pinhole solution, the entire field of view is in focus.
If a drawback to the pinhole solution existed, it would be related to the somewhat loss of light entering the eye -- the benefit is more noticeable with adequate lighting conditions. Generally, the pinhole solution would not be suitable for night time use.
Mike has been writing and publishing articles about health products. He recently came across a website on pinhole glasses which gave information about this old technique of using pinhole glasses for eyesight correction. Here's an article about pinhole glasses.
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