Some facts about gall bladder disease

The gall bladder is not essential to human digestion since patients who have had a cholecystectomy does not present problems. The liver secretes also cholesterol and bilirubin into the bile, where the main problem lies. The cholesterol can crystallise to form stones. At the same time conjugated bilirubin may be converted to free bilirubin, which then precipitates.

From this point of view the bile can be seen as unstable concentrated "soup of chemical problems". The majority of ills infected by this organ suffer from the presence of stones situated in the gall bladder.

The stone formation is the result of a triple defect: patients with an unstable bile than the rest of the people, a sluggish activity of the gall bladder, which allows crystals to grow into large stones, the presence the crystals in the first place which are more prone to nucleate. The main component of gall stones is cholesterol, which is cleared from the body toward the biliary tract and intestine, bilirubin pigment can form stones but calcium salts also join in the process to a varying degree.

The gall stones in the population are measured by ultrasonography, the prevalence of gall bladder disease sum the people with gall stones and those who have had a cholecystectomy. The necropsy survey is an alternative technique which gives the same figures but with little information about symptoms during life. In the second half of the 20-th century the gallstone disease has become more common in Britain. This is due to the ageing population and other reason may be the obesity of the same population.

The gall stones are thought to be a disease of middle aged women. This is not true because recent studies proved that men also have gall stones. The risk of gall stones may be increased by a pregnancy. Morbid obesity is strongly linked with stones but at the same time weight reduction causes a stringent diet or bariatric surgery. The link between diet and gall stones is not clear. In the formation of stones no particular food has been incriminated.

The risk of gall stones can be reduce by moderate quantities of alcohol which protect the body from an ischaemic heart disease. Other medications such as aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory are protective. The Americans in fact they have a higher prevalence than other group in the world, next come people of hispanic origin, white people and the lowest rate can be seen in the black population. Gallstone disease is generally a disease of more affluent societies, but there are clearly racial differences.

As a result of exacerbated modernization of lifestyle the prevalence of gall stone disease has increased from a low level.

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