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  • The Only Proven Process for Depression  By : Robert D. Thomson
    Since it introduction into psychiatric care in 1990 THE Burris Life Coach has been the only proven process for depression.
  • Are You Likely to Be Hit by Panic Disorder?  By : Robert D. Thomson
    Panic Disorder is a type of anxiety disorders that is affecting a large part of the population. The symptoms of this condition could be extremely unpleasant and they can, literary overnight, turn the lives of ordinary people into a living nightmare. There are some individuals that are in higher risk group than the rest of the population to be affected by panic disorder but everybody may became a victim regardless of their sex, age or the social background.
  • Discover How To Stop Premature Ejaculation - 3 Excellent Ways To Prevent Early Ejaculation  By : Robert D. Thomson
    Learning how to stop premature ejaculation is easier than you might think. Although as many as 30% of men will suffer from this embarrassing condition at some point in their lives, there are many ways to prevent it that you can use immediately. Find out more in this article.
  • How heavy can Generalized Anxiety Disorder affect a person?  By : Robert D. Thomson
    GAD is a kind of anxiety disorders that is affecting a huge number of our population. Symptoms of this disorder could be unbearable and they can, literary in a matter of a few days, change the lives of ordinary people into a living hell.
  • Healing Psyche: False Hope Is non existent  By : Robert D. Thomson
    Healing Psyche: False Hope or false hopelessness. In the battle against cancer many people use the term 'false hope'. This is false hopelessness . Hope is alive, Hope heals. Healing Psyche explains that hope is always present, and that there are always possibilities of healing. From every disease known disease there people who have somehow healed themselves.
  • Having Fun With Thought Crimes  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    Becoming a thought criminal means thinking your own thoughts and going after what you and deciding to get it no matter what.
  • What Makes Gossip So Interesting  By : Markus Manns
    Gossip fans are everywhere. in all countries, in all cities, on all continents. Since old ages, people just liked gossip, they enjoyed talking about their peers when they were not around. Celebrities are included on the gossip topics most agreed list.
  • Meeting Maslow in the Classroom  By : Daiv Russell
    Abraham Maslow developed the Theory of Hierarchical Needs and published it back in 1943. The theory is so ubiquitous and versatile that concepts underlying it have been modified and used as a basis of other theories dealing with ways to motivate a variety of subjects, including individuals in education.
  • POWER: We want it. We have it. We DON'T use it.  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    Q&A about Power and Control. Everyone wants it. Everyone has it. Why so few people use it.
  • Fulfilling Core Needs in the Education Process  By : Daiv Russell
    In terms of learning, a useful tool to draw on is the Maslow hierarchy of needs. Given that each student has his or her particular situation on their hierarchy of needs, including physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization at various points in time, it is impossible to struggle to tutor in the direction of a mass audience.
  • How cults create an artificial personality in their followers (and how you can do it too).  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    The title seems ominous because it mentions that cults make an effort to change ones personality but in a sense we create artificial personalities all the time. We use one when we are shopping, another when we are dating and one when we are buying a car. They are all a different and useful form or "I/me".
  • Using Mind Control to Create an Addiction  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    With all the paranoia of mind control and how Neuro Linguistic Probramming (NLP) can be (and is) used to "mess with peoples heads" it's high time to pull the cat out of the bag and let people know exactly what is possible. For example, can you create an addiction in someone using Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP)?

    Yes, you can.
  • How we conceive man  By : Sebastian Mendez
    The human being is a bio - psycho - social, acting each of these areas as interdependent.
  • Why do people think mind control is "bad"?  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    Being the beasties that we are we've lived, died and evolved based on what gives us the most control. Control is important, vital to our survival, self image and self esteem. But, in many cases control is an illusion.
  • Confessions of a Mind Control Victim  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    This man was hypnotized into giving up all his money... Or was he?
  • Dark Hypnosis man busted & sent to jail  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    How a man used hypnosis to get free meals! Unbelievable!!
  • How to Make Miserable Decisions  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    If you've ever been around someone who is persistently miserable you'll find that they have a working strategy for making their experience unpleasant for themselves.

    This article will give a few explanations why they use a strategy that makes them miserable, how that process works, and if this describes you, why you might want to change. It will also describe what you'll have to sacrifice if you no longer want to be miserable.
  • Are You Under Mind Control? Why Not?  By : Jack \"JK\" Ellis
    How do you determine if you're under mind control?
    It's an interesting question that you can pass around at a party or among friends.
  • Does your "shadow" love you?  By : MyMindControl
    The psychologist, Carl Jung, described hidden part of our psyche as "the shadow". It's the part that sometimes frightens us with the things we don't know, or don't want to know about ourselves.
  • How to be an anonymous cult leader.  By : MyMindControl
    How does a hyper paranoid maniac like JK Ellis create a cult like following and still manage to protect himself from over-exposure?
  • Medical Tips for Antihypertension Drugs  By : Robert Baird
    When administering an I.V. infusion of a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic, dilute the drug in sterile water or Ringer's, lactated Ringer's, 0.45% normal saline, 0.9% normal saline, DsW, or dextrose 10% in water.
  • Antihypertension Drugs for Emergency Hypertension  By : Robert Baird
    Understanding cerebral autoregulation provides a basis for treating a patient with emergency hypertension. Normally, cerebral autoregulation maintains a consistent blood flow to the brain and keeps cerebral perfusion pressure within normal limits despite variations in systemic arterial pressure.
  • The Choice between Yes and Yes - A Psychological Revelation  By : Slavco Stefanoski
    Three year old Kara was throwing a tantrum. She didn't want to go to bed, of that she was certain.

    "Do you want to brush with the red or blue toothpaste?" her dad asked gently.

    "Blue," she says, glad to be given the opportunity to make a decision.

    Ten minutes later, Kara was well tucked up, wondering when she'd agreed to go to bed in the first place.
  • Life Coach - Do You Need One?  By : john
    Life coaching is one of those things that we hear about on TV and in the press and laugh at, thinking to ourselves how ridiculous people are that need such a thing. If you look into it further, however, you might be surprised at how useful a little life coaching can be.
  • Hypnosis – Do You Dare To Be Put In A Trance?  By : john
    Hypnosis comes from the Greek word ‘hypnos’ meaning sleep. It is often confused and has been given bad publicity by science fiction and other media that depict it as a way of getting a person to do anything you want without their permission.
  • Some Facts About Tarot  By : john
    The first question one might ask when the word “Tarot” is mentioned, most likely has to do with what is Tarot and how does it work. According to its practitioners, Tarot is a form of divination using a deck of cards, each carrying a symbolic meaning. Tarot is a window through which one can learn to see the future. It is best if one considers Tarot as a mirror that deeply and, for its funs, accurately reflects the feeling, dreams, thoughts and aspirations of a person. For the thousands who have been reading or listening to Tarot cards readings, Tarot resembles a guide that can help someone face the unknown landscape of his or her life. Contrary to many of its opponents, Tarot is not spooky or something supernatural. But where did it come from and why people seem to be drawn by its “magic?”
  • Some Facts About Tarot  By : john
    The first question one might ask when the word “Tarot” is mentioned, most likely has to do with what is Tarot and how does it work. According to its practitioners, Tarot is a form of divination using a deck of cards, each carrying a symbolic meaning. Tarot is a window through which one can learn to see the future. It is best if one considers Tarot as a mirror that deeply and, for its funs, accurately reflects the feeling, dreams, thoughts and aspirations of a person. For the thousands who have been reading or listening to Tarot cards readings, Tarot resembles a guide that can help someone face the unknown landscape of his or her life. Contrary to many of its opponents, Tarot is not spooky or something supernatural. But where did it come from and why people seem to be drawn by its “magic?”
  • Tarot Is Seen As A Solution Mechanism  By : john
    As the world around us goes through radical transformations, people try to move along using a fast pace that will let them keep up with the rest of the world. In fact, many of today’s busy and straggling to survive individuals have to come up not only with a plan to pursue in their personal or business life, but also with the courage to follow a course that will lead them to happiness. But taking into consideration how insecure people are when having to fact the unknown, it is only logical to seek help and comfort anywhere imaginable. During those troubling times, when personal problems arise and people feel discontent with their state of mind and soul, most look for the necessary answers that will cure their disbelief that give them confidence that there is still hope in life and they will conquer at least some of their original goals.
  • Why Should You Learn Tarot?  By : john
    Although it is not an unfamiliar sight to witness a Tarot reader drawing out cards from a deck of 78 to advice on problems ranging from relationships to career wellbeing, most people find it difficult to imagine doing the actual reading themselves. But the fact is that Tarot is now out there available for everyone to experience and learn. Although having a Tarot practitioner analyzing the symbols of the cards drawn is certainly an enchanting experience and probably “less risky,” a few of today’s Tarot lovers purchase their own decks and begin reading its cards with the help of Tarot manuals or mentors.
  • Destiny And Tarot  By : john
    Although people are familiar with the fact that nobody can escape from being responsible for his or her actions, hundreds of beliefs, philosophies, theories and speculation have over the centuries attempted to answer the question “Is our life’s course predetermined or are we responsible for our destiny?” No matter which view you support, it is important to realize that the two extremes, idealism versus materialism, and all the theories in-between them, deal with our greatest fear: our future self.
  • How To Get The Very Latest Psychology Dictionary That Is Available  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Psychology is the study of human nature. It is the field where our behavior, emotions and our reactions to various situations are studied and explored in an effort to understand the human being. The field of psychology draws many people from all walks of life that have this desire to know what makes a person act the way they do. While they may speak in many languages a psychology dictionary makes the various terms that are used readily available for all.
  • How To Develop Accurate And Credible Psychology Experiments  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    The field of science is one that requires constant change and evaluation. To see if the various theories that we come up with are accurate and credible there needs to be experimental data that supports this theory. In psychology experiments are part of the way that psychology is studied. These psychology experiments are conducted in various places.
  • What Traits Are Important To Finding Good Psychology Jobs?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    For the newly graduated psychologist there are many areas where they can begin their informal training as a psychologist. They will be able to see the many avenues that are open in psychology and decide on which psychology jobs appeal to them.
  • How To Find Useful Information From Psychological Journal Articles  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Psychology is a very large area of study and there are constantly new advances being made with regards to solving the problems that many of us face. To let other psychologists see and understand the various new strides that have been made in their field of study there are large numbers of psychological journal articles that you can read.
  • How To Find The Various Psychology Journals Online  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    As many of you are probably aware the internet is a warehouse of knowledge. This knowledge covers a broad spectrum of human interests. Among the many items that you can look into there are numerous magazines and journals that can be read. These online journals can be found even for psychology. In the psychology section you will find articles that you can read to find the various information that you require. These psychology journals online are very easy to find.
  • Learning How To Handle The Stresses Of Athletes Through Sports Psychology  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    There are many of you have watched television and sports in particular. As you watch these sports programs you will notice that the athletes are only one part of the sports team. To make sure that these individuals are performing to their ultimate level there are numerous other people. These are the trainers and supporters. There are doctors and other people who are all involved in seeing that the athlete has all of the mental, emotional and physical stability that is needed for competitions. Sport psychology plays a part at these various sporting events.
  • What Does It Take To Study Psychology At Reputed Universities And Colleges?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Every child has a dream of what they will become when they grow up. There are very few children who will choose to become psychologists. For the few children who do persist in this dream they can study psychology at reputed universities and colleges that have the different subjects in the field of study for psychology.
  • Very Few Of Us Ever Dreamt Of Having Careers In Psychology  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    When we are children we tend to dream about what we will do as adults. The many careers that we choose are one like police officers, school teachers, doctors, astronauts, cowboys and movie stars. While these tend to be childhood dreams that some of us follow, others will go into completely different directions. I am sure that very few of you ever dreamed of having a career in psychology.
  • A Good Child Psychologist Should Have A Personality That Says "trust Me"  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Children are one of the most fragile beings that we can encounter. There are many children who live happy carefree childhoods. Likewise there are many others who have become emotionally stressed or behaviorally changed. To help these children cope with the various problems that could be hurting them a child psychologist may be of help.
  • Child Psychology Articles Should Provide Us With The Solutions As Well  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    We know that psychology is the study of human behavior and emotional responses. As these responses can vary from person to person and age to age, the field of psychology is quite broad. In this field you will be able to find various psychologists studying the emotions and behavior of children. This means that you will be able to find child psychology articles that have been directed towards how the children of today live and behave.
  • Shedding More Light On This Relatively New Field Of Color Psychology  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Colors tend to be a part of our lives and in some cases they can influence how we react and feel. This reaction to color is called color psychology. While there are some mainstream psychologists who tend to believe that color does not play a significant part in our behavioral patterns, color psychologists claim otherwise.
  • Taking A Color Quiz Will Let You See How To Change Your Lifestyle  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Life is very unpredictable and this constant evolution includes how we tend to feel and react to the many colors that we see all around us. It has been noted that we have different responses to different colors. To help us understand what these colors mean we can take a color quiz. This color quiz tends to change each time that we take it but generally it can be useful in letting you see how to change your lifestyle.
  • What Does A Career In Criminal Psychology Entail?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    The world that we live in today is a very violent and sometimes dangerous place. Many of the crimes that take place and the actions of the police and other investigative forces are displayed on television programs. These programs will reveal just a small portion of what actually occurs. To help police in real life figure out what a criminal will do, criminal psychology comes into play.
  • What Can We Learn From A Famous Psychologist Like Freud?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Psychology is known to be the study of human behavior to various situations and the emotions that occur as a result of those situations. The art of trying to understand people is not a new study. There are many famous people who have tried to find out why people react the way they do. Of these many psychologists, the most famous psychologist has to be Freud.
  • How Should A Forensic Psychologist Handle Evidence In A Criminal Proceeding?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    The field of psychology is very wide and you will find that many people like to have careers in these different branches of psychology. One of the more popular areas of interest is that of forensic psychology. To be successful in this area of psychology you should first have an understanding of what a forensic psychologist is and what they need to do.
  • How Should A Forensic Psychologist Handle Evidence In A Criminal Proceeding?  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    The field of psychology is very wide and you will find that many people like to have careers in these different branches of psychology. One of the more popular areas of interest is that of forensic psychology. To be successful in this area of psychology you should first have an understanding of what a forensic psychologist is and what they need to do.
  • How A Psychiatrist Deals With Our Emotional, Mental And Behavioral Patterns  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    For the many people who suffer from mental disorders and other problems that affect the minds, there are well trained doctors that can give help. These trained medical professionals are psychiatrists. A psychiatrist unlike a psychologist is trained in understanding and diagnosing what causes a person’s mental health to deteriorate.
  • Follow-up Therapy And Counseling For Psychological Abuse Patients  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    Our lives are intricately intertwined with our feelings. As you pass through life you will see many people who are strong both physically and emotionally. You will also see people who are weak. These people could be weak in their emotional outlook and in some cases they will be the victims of psychological abuse.
  • Fluctuating Emotions Of People Form The Basis Of Psychological Theories  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    As many of use are aware the field of psychology is very vast. There are many branches that deal with a wide variety of subjects. To deal with all of these social problems the trained psychologist will have access to many documents and other sources. From these information sources a psychological theory may be developed that will help with that problem that the psychologist is studying.
  • Appreciate How We, As People Interact By Reading Psychology Articles  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    I am sure that you have read many journals or even magazines that have featured some psychology articles. These articles will cover some new treatment or method that has the field of psychology in an uproar. As you read the psychology articles you should keep in mind that they are the ideas and theories of one or a few people. For this reason you should keep an open mind regarding these psychology articles.
  • Psychology  By : Muna Wa Wanjiru
    For anyone who desires to step into this fascinating study into the human psyche there are many avenues that can be investigated. The main field that is involved in the study of human behavior and emotional responses towards various situations is called psychology. To be able to study psychology as a professional career you will need a psychology degree.
  • # Psychics – our link to another dimension.  By : Ken Wilson
    We have always wondered if there really are people in this world capable of predicting the unpredictable. The good news is that there are and that they are able to do this by using their extra-sensory perceptions including clairvoyance and precognition, to reveal certain sides of the human nature and personal life.
  • Psychics – science or fantasy?  By : Ken Wilson
    The first time the word psychic was acknowledges was when a chemist in the 1800s used it to describe a illustrious magician. Having greek origins, psychic referred to the perfect synergy between mind and soul resulting in special abilities.
  • Help Kids Concentrate  By : Silvester Thompson
    All of us want our children to succeed in school. But for many kids and teens, concentration in this always-pressured, starved-for-time era can be difficult. Here are some tips for helping your son or daughter improve concentration and do better in the classroom:
  • Can't Quit Gambling? Don't Bet On It  By : Wade Gibson
    A preoccupation with gambling may cause some people to risk more than money. They may be gambling their health, happiness and their family's welfare.
  • Problem Gambling: What You Should Know  By : Wade Gibson
    Americans spend more on gambling than all other recreation combined. For most, it's a fun diversion but for a few, gambling can become a serious, life-altering problem.
  • The Newest Findings About Psychological Disorders  By : Joe Goertz
    While in the old days it was thought that people with certain disorders were simply crazy and belonged in prison, these days we know that these types of disorders are actually very common and can have something to do with a chemical imbalance in the brain. Because of this imbalance the patient will display certain things that are not thought to be what we would call normal. When this occurs our first thought is that the person is insane when in truth they are nothing more than suffering from a disease that will likely go away with a bit of treatment either in the mental or medical field. The advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of such psychological disorders have progressed, and people should be aware that these people need help, not jail time.
  • The Birth Of The Evolutionary Psychology And Its Theories  By : Joe Goertz
    350 years ago William Harvey was the first to state that the hearts main purpose was to circulate blood throughout the body. This was in direct contrast to the rest of the world that was in the thought process that the heart was the center for emotions and love while the brain was the main area for circulation. This revelation led to what we now know as evolutionary psychology or the theory of cognitive structure for the survival of the person.
  • The Effects Of A Divorce In A Child’s Psyche  By : Joe Goertz
    Some people tend to make it more difficult for things to take place when they really need to. This happens most times when it comes to the relationship. People find that they are not compatible after a few years in time and then they decide that they need to divorce. This is more than common place these days as people are getting divorced every day. In many cases this becomes a bitter battle to see who can hurt who the most in the shortest amount of time. Making the most of this situation is the best chance that you have for being amicable in the case of the time that you need to be happy and still be divorced. What many people tend to forget when they are going through a divorce is the fact that the children that are involved are going to be adversely affected by the divorce. This is the first thing that most people should be thinking about but sadly they do not take the time to put the children first in the whole situation.
  • Understanding And Diagnosing Autism  By : Jon Arnold
    It has been said that autism is probably one of the most misunderstood ailments today. What makes it hard to categorize is the fact that there are many different degrees of autism. Some degrees of it are barely noticeable, which then becomes a big question mark as to whether a particular person is really afflicted with autism. On the other hand, some cases of it are severe enough to where the afflicted person cannot function in normal life on their own.
  • Understanding The Fundamentals Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy  By : Jon Arnold
    Cognitive behavior therapy has been used to help patients who are suffering from depression, anxieties, addictions and all sorts of other psycho social problems.
  • Child Learning Theory Of Mentalism  By : Gabriel
    This theory is that language develops of its own accord and is in no way affected by external frequencies. Factors that back this theory up are the babbling noises children make from about the age of 6 months old, when the noises and sounds produced have little or no resemblance to any language but the child has started to develop strong enough vocal cords to vocalise certain things. Children’s language develops in a regular sequence of milestones known as First stage, Second stage, Third stage and so on.
  • Practice Happiness And Personally Develop Yourself  By : Doug
    There are 3 basic element to change your life, you need to ask, believe and receive the new life, you also need to live your new life, just don’t imagine it but really believe and feel that your life has changed, you should set specific goals, create plans, but the most important is to always stay positive and be grateful for the things you have. This science proves beyond any doubt that what the success scientists of the 20th century were teaching us is absolutely true. These experts coach and educate those who want to become a success in life and those who want to become a success in business.
  • An Overview Of Hypnosis  By : Dave Carter
    Hypnosis is state of mind where an individual is subjected to controlled thoughts and behavior. Hypnosis involves two persons - the persons being treated to experiment is called subject while the one conducting the experiment is called hypnotist. Hypnotist takes the subject into the mental state, often termed hypnotized, and tries to get response from her. Hypnosis is possibly one of the most debated disciplines in the world. There are so many theories associated with this stream of studies. The basic debate hovers around the state aspect - one school of thoughts suggests that hypnosis is a state of mind while the other school asserts it to be a non-state.
  • Besting Bullying  By : Adam Johnes
    As youngsters we all remember name-calling and teasing. The most common triggers for such abuse remain physical traits-hair, height, weight and teeth.

    However, the National Association of School Psychologists estimates 160,000 children stay home from school daily because they fear harassment.
  • Intuition  By : Sam Vaknin
    Intuition is supposed to be a form of direct access. Yet, direct access to what? Does it access directly "intuitions" (abstract objects, akin to numbers or properties - see "Bestowed Existence")? Are intuitions the objects of the mental act of Intuition? Perhaps intuition is the mind's way of interacting directly with Platonic ideals or Phenomenological "essences"? By "directly" I mean without the intellectual mediation of a manipulated symbol system, and without the benefits of inference, observation, experience, or reason.

    Kant thought that both (Euclidean) space and time are intuited. In other words, he thought that the senses interact with our (transcendental) intuitions to produce synthetic a-priori knowledge. The raw data obtained by our senses -our sensa or sensory experience - presuppose intuition. One could argue that intuition is independent of our senses. Thus, these intuitions (call them "eidetic intuitions") would not be the result of sensory data, or of calculation, or of the processing and manipulation of same. Kant's "Erscheiung" ("phenomenon", or "appearance" of an object to the senses) is actually a kind of sense-intuition later processed by the categories of substance and cause. As opposed to the phenomenon, the "nuomenon" (thing in itself) is not subject to these categories.
  • The Shattered Identity  By : Sam Vaknin
    I. Exposition

    In the movie "Shattered" (1991), Dan Merrick survives an accident and develops total amnesia regarding his past. His battered face is reconstructed by plastic surgeons and, with the help of his loving wife, he gradually recovers his will to live. But he never develops a proper sense of identity. It is as though he is constantly ill at ease in his own body. As the plot unravels, Dan is led to believe that he may have murdered his wife's lover, Jack. This thriller offers additional twists and turns but, throughout it all, we face this question:
  • Misdiagnosing Narcissism - Asperger's Disorder  By : Sam Vaknin
    (The use of gender pronouns in this article reflects the clinical facts: most narcissists and most Asperger's patients are male.)

    Asperger's Disorder is often misdiagnosed as Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), though evident as early as age 3 (while pathological narcissism cannot be safely diagnosed prior to early adolescence).
  • The Roots Of Pedophilia  By : Sam Vaknin
    Pedophiles are attracted to prepubescent children and act on their sexual fantasies. It is a startling fact that the etiology of this paraphilia is unknown. Pedophiles comes from all walks of life and have no common socio-economic background. Contrary to media-propagated myths, most of them had not been sexually abused in childhood and the vast majority of pedophiles are also drawn to adults of the opposite sex (are heterosexuals).

    Only a few belong to the Exclusive Type - the ones who are tempted solely by kids. Nine tenths of all pedophiles are male. They are fascinated by preteen females, teenage males, or (more rarely) both.
  • The Psychology Of Torture  By : Sam Vaknin
    There is one place in which one's privacy, intimacy, integrity and inviolability are guaranteed – one's body, a unique temple and a familiar territory of sensa and personal history. The torturer invades, defiles and desecrates this shrine. He does so publicly, deliberately, repeatedly and, often, sadistically and sexually, with undisguised pleasure. Hence the all-pervasive, long-lasting, and, frequently, irreversible effects and outcomes of torture.

    In a way, the torture victim's own body is rendered his worse enemy. It is corporeal agony that compels the sufferer to mutate, his identity to fragment, his ideals and principles to crumble. The body becomes an accomplice of the tormentor, an uninterruptible channel of communication, a treasonous, poisoned territory.
  • The Narcissist As Eternal Child  By : Sam Vaknin
    "Puer Aeternus" – the eternal adolescent, the semipternal Peter pan – is a phenomenon often associated with pathological narcissism. People who refuse to grow up strike others as self-centred and aloof, petulant and brattish, haughty and demanding – in short: as childish or infantile.

    The narcissist is a partial adult. He seeks to avoid adulthood. Infantilisation – the discrepancy between one's advanced chronological age and one's retarded behaviour, cognition, and emotional development – is the narcissist's preferred art form. Some narcissists even use a childish tone of voice occasionally and adopt a toddler's body language.
  • Misdiagnosing Narcissism - Generalised Anxiety Disorder (gad  By : Sam Vaknin
    (The use of gender pronouns in this article reflects the clinical facts: most narcissists are men.)

    Anxiety Disorders – and especially Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – are often misdiagnosed as Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD).
  • On Empathy  By : Sam Vaknin
    The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1999 edition) defines empathy as:

    "The ability to imagine oneself in anther's place and understand the other's feelings, desires, ideas, and actions. It is a term coined in the early 20th century, equivalent to the German Einfühlung and modelled on "sympathy." The term is used with special (but not exclusive) reference to aesthetic experience. The most obvious example, perhaps, is that of the actor or singer who genuinely feels the part he is performing. With other works of art, a spectator may, by a kind of introjection, feel himself involved in what he observes or contemplates. The use of empathy is an important part of the counselling technique developed by the American psychologist Carl Rogers."
  • The Revolution Of Psychoanalysis  By : Sam Vaknin
    "The more I became interested in psychoanalysis, the more I saw it as a road to the same kind of broad and deep understanding of human nature that writers possess."

    Anna Freud
  • The Fundamentals Of Psychological Theories  By : Sam Vaknin
    All theories - scientific or not - start with a problem. They aim to solve it by proving that what appears to be "problematic" is not. They re-state the conundrum, or introduce new data, new variables, a new classification, or new organizing principles. They incorporate the problem in a larger body of knowledge, or in a conjecture ("solution"). They explain why we thought we had an issue on our hands - and how it can be avoided, vitiated, or resolved.

    Scientific theories invite constant criticism and revision. They yield new problems. They are proven erroneous and are replaced by new models which offer better explanations and a more profound sense of understanding - often by solving these new problems. From time to time, the successor theories constitute a break with everything known and done till then. These seismic convulsions are known as "paradigm shifts".
  • Critique And Defense Of Psychoanalysis  By : Sam Vaknin
    “I am actually not a man of science at all. . . . I am nothing but a conquistador by temperament, an adventurer.”

    (Sigmund Freud, letter to Fleiss, 1900)
  • The Intermittent Explosive Narcissist  By : Sam Vaknin
    Narcissists invariably react with narcissistic rage to narcissistic injury.

    These two terms bear clarification:
  • Pathological Narcissism, Psychosis, And Delusions  By : Sam Vaknin
    One of the most important symptoms of pathological narcissism (the Narcissistic Personality Disorder) is grandiosity. Grandiose fantasies (megalomaniac delusions of grandeur) permeate every aspect of the narcissist's personality. They are the reason that the narcissist feels entitled to special treatment which is typically incommensurate with his real accomplishments. The Grandiosity Gap is the abyss between the narcissist's self-image (as reified by his False Self) and reality.

    When Narcissistic Supply is deficient, the narcissist de-compensates and acts out in a variety of ways. Narcissists often experience psychotic micro-episodes during therapy and when they suffer narcissistic injuries in a life crisis. But can the narcissist "go over the edge"? Do narcissists ever become psychotic?
  • The Narcissist's Confabulated Life  By : Sam Vaknin
    Confabulations are an important part of life. They serve to heal emotional wounds or to prevent ones from being inflicted in the first place. They prop-up the confabulator's self-esteem, regulate his (or her) sense of self-worth, and buttress his (or her) self-image. They serve as organizing principles in social interactions.

    Father's wartime heroism, mother's youthful good looks, one's oft-recounted exploits, erstwhile alleged brilliance, and past purported sexual irresistibility - are typical examples of white, fuzzy, heart-warming lies wrapped around a shriveled kernel of truth.
  • Serial Killers  By : Sam Vaknin
    Countess Erszebet Bathory was a breathtakingly beautiful, unusually well-educated woman, married to a descendant of Vlad Dracula of Bram Stoker fame. In 1611, she was tried - though, being a noblewoman, not convicted - in Hungary for slaughtering 612 young girls. The true figure may have been 40-100, though the Countess recorded in her diary more than 610 girls and 50 bodies were found in her estate when it was raided.

    The Countess was notorious as an inhuman sadist long before her hygienic fixation. She once ordered the mouth of a talkative servant sewn. It is rumoured that in her childhood she witnessed a gypsy being sewn into a horse's stomach and left to die.
  • The Pathology Of Love  By : Sam Vaknin
    Recent studies buttress the unpalatable truth that falling in love is, in some ways, indistinguishable from a severe pathology. Behavior changes are reminiscent of psychosis and, biochemically speaking, passionate love closely imitates substance abuse. Appearing in the BBC series Body Hits on December 4, Dr. John Marsden, the head of the British National Addiction Center, said that love is addictive, akin to cocaine and speed. Sex is a "booby trap", intended to bind the partners long enough to bond.

    Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Andreas Bartels and Semir Zeki of University College in London showed that the same areas of the brain are active when abusing drugs and when in love. The prefrontal cortex - hyperactive in depressed patients - is inactive when besotted. How can this be reconciled with the low levels of serotonin that are the telltale sign of both depression and infatuation - is not known.
  • The Habit Of Identity  By : Sam Vaknin
    In a famous experiment, students were asked to take a lemon home and to get used to it. Three days later, they were able to single out "their" lemon from a pile of rather similar ones. They seemed to have bonded. Is this the true meaning of love, bonding, coupling? Do we simply get used to other human beings, pets, or objects?

    Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change ourselves and our environment in order to attain maximum comfort and well being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well being, the better we function and the longer we survive.
  • The Habit Of Identity  By : Sam Vaknin
    In a famous experiment, students were asked to take a lemon home and to get used to it. Three days later, they were able to single out "their" lemon from a pile of rather similar ones. They seemed to have bonded. Is this the true meaning of love, bonding, coupling? Do we simply get used to other human beings, pets, or objects?

    Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change ourselves and our environment in order to attain maximum comfort and well being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well being, the better we function and the longer we survive.
  • Is Psychology A Science?  By : Sam Vaknin
    All theories - scientific or not - start with a problem. They aim to solve it by proving that what appears to be "problematic" is not. They re-state the conundrum, or introduce new data, new variables, a new classification, or new organizing principles. They incorporate the problem in a larger body of knowledge, or in a conjecture ("solution"). They explain why we thought we had an issue on our hands - and how it can be avoided, vitiated, or resolved.

    Scientific theories invite constant criticism and revision. They yield new problems. They are proven erroneous and are replaced by new models which offer better explanations and a more profound sense of understanding - often by solving these new problems. From time to time, the successor theories constitute a break with everything known and done till then. These seismic convulsions are known as "paradigm shifts".
  • Narcissism And Personality Disorders  By : Sam Vaknin
    Are all personality disorders the outcomes of frustrated narcissism?
    During our formative years (6 months to 6 years old), we are all "narcissists". Primary Narcissism is a useful and critically important defense mechanism. As the infant separates from his mother and becomes an individual, it is likely to experience great apprehension, fear, and pain. Narcissism shields the child from these negative emotions. By pretending to be omnipotent, the toddler fends off the profound feelings of isolation, unease, pending doom, and helplessness that are attendant on the individuation-separation phase of personal development.

    Well into early adolescence, the empathic support of parents, caregivers, role models, authority figures, and peers is indispensable to the evolution of a stable sense of self-worth, self-esteem, and self-confidence. Traumas and abuse, smothering and doting, and the constant breach of emerging boundaries yield the entrenchment of rigid adult narcissistic defenses.
  • Common Features Of Personality Disorders  By : Sam Vaknin
    Psychology is more an art form than a science. There is no "Theory of Everything" from which one can derive all mental health phenomena and make falsifiable predictions. Still, as far as personality disorders are concerned, it is easy to discern common features. Most personality disorders share a set of symptoms (as reported by the patient) and signs (as observed by the mental health practitioner).
    Patients suffering from personality disorders have these things in common:

    They are persistent, relentless, stubborn, and insistent (except those suffering from the Schizoid or the Avoidant Personality Disorders).
  • Cluster B Personality Disorders  By : Sam Vaknin
    The DSM-IV-TR (2000) defines a personality disorder as:
    "An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations the individuals culture (and is manifested in two or more of his or her areas of mental life:) cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control."

    Such a pattern is rigid, long-term (stable), and recurrent. It manifests itself in all areas of life (it is pervasive). It is not owing to substance-abuse or a medical condition (such as head trauma). It renders the subject dysfunctional "in social , occupational, or other important areas" and this impairment causes distress.
  • Axes Of Personality Disorders  By : Sam Vaknin
    Personality disorders are like tips of icebergs. They rest on a foundation of causes and effects, interactions and events, emotions and cognitions, functions and dysfunctions that together form the patient and make him or her what s/he is.
    The DSM uses five axes to analyze, classify, and describe these data. The patient (or subject) presents himself to a mental health diagnostician, is evaluated, tests are administered, questionnaires fulfilled, and a diagnosis rendered. The diagnostician uses the DSM's five axes to "make sense" and meaningfully organize of the information he had gathered in this process.

    Axis I demands that he specify all the patient's clinical mental health problems that are not personality disorders or mental retardation. Thus, Axis I includes issues first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence; cognitive problems (e.g., delirium, dementia, amnesia); mental disorders due to a medical condition (for instance, dysfunctions caused by brain injury or metabolic diseases); substance-related disorders; schizophrenia and psychosis; mood disorders; anxiety and panic; somatoform disorders; factitious disorders; dissociative disorders; sexual paraphilias; eating disorders; impulse control problems and adjustment issues.
  • Mmpi-ii Test  By : Sam Vaknin
    The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), composed by Hathaway (a psychologist) and McKinley (a physician) is the outcome of decades of research into personality disorders. The revised version, the MMPI-II (also known as MMPI-2), was published in 1989 but was received cautiously. MMPI-II changed the scoring method and some of the normative data. It was, therefore, hard to compare it to its much hallowed (and oft validated) predecessor.

    The MMPI-II is made of 567 binary (true or false) items (questions). Each item requires the subject to respond: "This is true (or false) as applied to me". There are no "correct" answers. The test booklet allows the diagnostician to provide a rough assessment of the patient (the "basic scales") based on the first 370 queries (though it is recommended to administer all of 567 of them).
    Based on numerous studies, the items are arranged in scales. The responses are compared to answers provided by "control subjects". The scales allow the diagnostician to identify traits and mental health problems based on these comparisons. In other words, there are no answers that are "typical to paranoid or narcissistic or antisocial patients". There are only responses that deviate from an overall statistical pattern and conform to the reaction patterns of other patients with similar scores. The nature of the deviation determines the patient's traits and tendencies - but not his or her diagnosis!
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Clinical Features  By : Sam Vaknin
    Clinical Features of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder
    Opinions vary as to whether the narcissistic traits evident in in infancy, childhood, and early adolescence are pathological. Anecdotal evidence suggests that childhood abuse and trauma inflicted by parents, authority figures, or even peers provoke "secondary narcissism" and, when unresolved, may lead to the full-fledged Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) later in life.

    This makes eminent sense as narcissism is a defense mechanism whose role is to deflect hurt and trauma from the victim's "True Self" into a "False Self" which is omnipotent, invulnerable, and omniscient. This False Self is then used by the narcissist to garner narcissistic supply from his human environment. Narcissistic supply is any form of attention, both positive and negative and it is instrumental in the regulation of the narcissist's labile sense of self-worth.
  • Narcissist Vs. Psychopath  By : Sam Vaknin
    We all heard the terms "psychopath" or "sociopath". These are the old names for a patient with the Antisocial Personality Disorder (AsPD). It is hard to distinguish narcissists from psychopaths. The latter may simply be a less inhibited and less grandiose form of the former. Indeed, the DSM V Committee is considering to abolish this distinction altogether.
    Still, there are some important nuances setting the two disorders apart:

    As opposed to most narcissists, psychopaths are either unable or unwilling to control their impulses or to delay gratification. They use their rage to control people and manipulate them into submission.
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Prevalence And Comorbidity  By : Sam Vaknin
    What is the Difference between Healthy Narcissism and the Pathological Kind?
    In my book "Malignant Self Love - Narcissism Revisited", I define pathological narcissism as:

    "(A) life-long pattern of traits and behaviors which signify infatuation and obsession with one's self to the exclusion of all others and the egotistic and ruthless pursuit of one's gratification, dominance and ambition."
  • The Psychopath And Antisocial  By : Sam Vaknin
    Roots of the Disorder
    Are the psychopath, sociopath, and someone with the Antisocial Personality Disorder one and the same? The DSM says "yes". Scholars such as Robert Hare and Theodore Millon beg to differ. The psychopath has antisocial traits for sure but they are coupled with and enhanced by callousness, ruthlessness, extreme lack of empathy, deficient impulse control, deceitfulness, and sadism.

    Like other personality disorders, psychopathy becomes evident in early adolescence and is considered to be chronic. But unlike most other personality disorders, it is frequently ameliorated with age and tends to disappear altogether in by the fourth or fifth decade of life. This is because criminal behavior and substance abuse are both determinants of the disorders and behaviors more typical of young adults.
  • Tat Diagnostic Test  By : Sam Vaknin
    The Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) is similar to the Rorschach inkblot test. Subjects are shown pictures and asked to tell a story based on what they see. Both these projective assessment tools elicit important information about underlying psychological fears and needs. The TAT was developed in 1935 by Morgan and Murray. Ironically, it was initially used in a study of normal personalities done at Harvard Psychological Clinic.

    The test comprises 31 cards. One card is blank and the other thirty include blurred but emotionally powerful (or even disturbing) photographs and drawings. Originally, Murray came up with only 20 cards which he divided to three groups: B (to be shown to Boys Only), G (Girls Only) and M-or-F (both sexes).
  • Structured Interviews  By : Sam Vaknin
    The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-II) was formulated in 1997 by First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, and Benjamin. It closely follows the language of the DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders criteria. Consequently, there are 12 groups of questions corresponding to the 12 personality disorders. The scoring is equally simple: either the trait is absent, subthreshold, true, or there is "inadequate information to code".

    The feature that is unique to the SCID-II is that it can be administered to third parties (a spouse, an informant, a colleague) and still yield a strong diagnostic indication. The test incorporates probes (sort of "control" items) that help verify the presence of certain characteristics and behaviors. Another version of the SCID-II (comprising 119 questions) can also be self-administered. Most practitioners administer both the self-questionnaire and the standard test and use the former to screen for true answers in the latter.
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder  By : Sam Vaknin
    Schizoids enjoy nothing and seemingly never experience pleasure (they are anhedonic). Even their nearest and dearest often describe them as "automata", "robots", or "machines". But the schizoid is not depressed or dysphoric, merely indifferent. Schizoids are uninterested in social relationships and bored or puzzled by interpersonal interactions. They are incapable of intimacy and have a very limited range of emotions and affect. Rarely does the schizoid express feelings, either negative (anger) or positive (happiness).

    Schizoids never pursue an opportunity to develop a close relationship. Schizoids are asexual - not interested in sex. Consequently, they appear cold, aloof, bland, stunted, flat, and "zombie"-like. They derive no satisfaction from belonging to a close-knit group: family, church, workplace, neighborhood, or nation. They rarely marry or have children.
  • Rorschach Inkblots Test  By : Sam Vaknin
    The Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach developed a set of inkblots to test subjects in his clinical research. In a 1942 monograph, Rorschach postulated that the blots evoke consistent and similar responses in groups patients. Only ten of the original inkblots are currently in diagnostic use. They were selected by John Exner. He also systematized the administration and scoring of the test.
    The Rorschach inkblots are ambiguous forms, printed on 18X24 cm. cards, in both black and white and color. Their very ambiguity provokes free associations in the test subject. The diagnostician stimulates the formation of these flights of fantasy by asking questions such as "What is this? What might this be?". S/he then proceed to record, verbatim, the patient's responses as well as the inkblot's spatial position and orientation. An example of such record would read: "Card V upside down, child sitting on a porch and crying, waiting for his mother to return."

    Having gone through the entire deck, the examiner than proceeds to read aloud the responses while asking the patient to explain, in each and every case, why s/he chose to interpret the card the way s/he did. "What in card V prompted you to think of an abandoned child?". At this phase, the patient is allowed to add details and expand upon his or her original answer. Again, everything is noted and the subject is asked to explain what is the card or in his previous response gave birth to the added details.
  • Mmci-iii Diagnostic Test  By : Sam Vaknin
    The third edition of this popular test, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), has been published in 1996. With 175 items, it is much shorter and simpler to administer and to interpret than the MMPI-II. The MCMI-III diagnoses personality disorders and Axis I disorders but not other mental health problems. The inventory is based on Millon's suggested multiaxial model in which long-term characteristics and traits interact with clinical symptoms.

    The questions in the MCMI-III reflect the diagnostic criteria of the DSM. Millon himself gives this example (Millon and Davis, Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2000, pp. 83-84):
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder  By : Sam Vaknin
    Most patients with the Histrionic Personality Disorder are women. This immediately raises the question: Is this a real mental health disorder or a culture-bound syndrome which reflects the values of a patriarchal and misogynistic society? A man with similar traits is bound to be admired as a "macho" or, at worst, labeled a "womanizer".
    Histrionics resemble narcissists - both seek attention compulsively and are markedly dysphoric and uncomfortable when not at the center of attention. They have to be the life of the party. If they fail in achieving this pivotal role, they act out, create hysterical scenes, or confabulate.

    Like the somatic narcissist, the histrionic is preoccupied with physical appearance, sexual conquests, her health, and her body. The typical histrionic spends huge dollops of money and expend inordinate amounts of time on grooming. Histrionics fish for compliments and are upset when confronted with criticism or proof that they are not as glamorous or alluring as they thought they are.
  • Disorder-specific Tests  By : Sam Vaknin
    There are dozens of psychological tests that are disorder-specific: they aim to diagnose specific personality disorders or relationship problems. Example: the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) which is used to diagnose the Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD).

    The Borderline Personality Organization Scale (BPO), designed in 1985, sorts the subject's responses into 30 relevant scales. These indicates the existence of identity diffusion, primitive defenses, and deficient reality testing.

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