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Angela Oliver's Articles in Hardware

  • Laptop Batteries Are More Than A Black Box
    More than meets the eye.

    Laptop batteries are the most important battery in the field of rechargeable batteries, but they are also the most complicated and regulated of all rechargeable batteries. The process alone to manufacture a laptop battery is long. How laptop batteries interact with the computer to function properly is another lengthy process. Manufacturers are also working constantly to improve laptop battery technology.
  • Laptop Batteries And Laptop Battery Care
    Laptop Batteries are essential for keeping a laptop running properly. In many cases, businesses, whether personal or corporate, depend on laptops for business dealings day to day. There are a number of ways to properly care and maintain a laptops main power source, the battery. Battery construction of laptop batteries is very different from other traditional electronic device batteries. A brief overview of the construction of laptop batteries will help provide insight into factors that affect the life and care of laptop batteries.

    Laptop batteries are constructed with a number of crucial components to regulate charge and power supply to the laptop. A thermistor measures the charge of the battery and regulates how much charge the laptop sends to the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the thermistor tells the laptop to stop charging. Safety fuses and breakers in the laptop battery also help prevent overcharging and aid in overall functionality of the laptop battery. So there is an essential communication that must occur between the components of the laptop battery and the laptop itself to ensure proper function of both the computer and the power supply.
  • Shaver Razor Batteries
    Electric Shaver and razors are one of the greatest inventions for personal hygiene. They save time and make shaving much safer. In order for electric shavers to function properly, their batteries must be maintained as specified by manufacturers’ instructions. When purchasing an electric shaver, there are some things to look for and be aware of to make sure it lasts a long time.

    How to Charge a Shaver- After purchasing an electric shaver, it is very important to read the included manual. The manual will explain how to properly take care of the shaver and charge the batteries. Since electric shavers use rechargeable non-lithium batteries, it is important that they are completely run down out of charge before recharging. Charging a battery that is half full will reduce the life of the batteries and their ability to hold a charge. The result will be a battery that will work great for only a minute or less before losing all charge.
  • Rechargeable Vs Disposable Batteries
    Generally speaking, batteries can be broken down into two major types, disposable and rechargeable. They both have their fundamental differences and are used commonly for a number of purposes.

    Disposable Batteries. Disposable batteries are known as primary cell batteries. Once a disposable battery is used and the charge has been drained, it is to be discarded. Because of the chemical makeup of disposable batteries, they cannot be easily recharged. Types of disposable batteries include alkaline, lithium, mercury, thermal, and water-activated. Primary cells are used for a variety of functions where electric power is not continuously available, and most that are used today have a long life.
  • Types Of Batteries
    There are many different types of batteries, all with unique chemical and structural construction and different purposes and functions. Here is a look at the main types of batteries, their construction, and their uses.

    Wet Cell-Lead Acid Batteries. Wet Cell-Lead Acid batteries come from the oldest battery technology and chemistry. Electrochemical cells contain liquid electrolyte and contain volts of electricity. These types of batteries are called spillable and much care must be taken in transport of the battery to prevent electrolyte from leaking from the battery. These batteries are extremely heavy and are relatively inexpensive. These types of batteries are designed for high power output so they are used commonly in automobile engine starters, things like golf carts and electric powered cars, and as backup power for large computer or telecommunications systems.
  • Mercury Batteries
    Mercury batteries were at one time one of the longest lasting and widely used batteries. However, the manufacture and sale of mercury batteries has been banned in most countries around the world due to the toxicity of mercury and environmental concerns. Mercury batteries were greatly used in their time and are still sought after by a select few. Here is a look at the uses and technology behind mercury batteries.

    Mercury batteries belong to the primary cell group of batteries, meaning they are non-rechargeable. They use an electrolyte that provides a constant voltage rate which remains at a constant level for the life of the battery until the very end of the battery lifetime. At this point, the voltage current starts to drop at a steady sloping rate.
  • Silver Oxide Batteries
    Silver Oxide batteries are a relatively new type of battery technology that came about to replace mercury batteries. Mercury batteries were banned for environmental reasons but their incredibly long lifetime and reliability were very desirable, and a replacement was needed. Enter the silver oxide battery.

    Silver oxide batteries use the element silver which is an especially good semiconductor. When compared to mercury batteries, silver oxide batteries produce a higher voltage current but provide the same benefit of a constant voltage rate.
  • The Best Battery Charger For Your Needs
    From heavy equipment to small electronic devices, all need the right type of charger for their own specialized batteries.

    Auto-Auto equipment including cars and motorcycles use different types of specialized batteries depending on several factors such as engine size and uses. Most auto batteries are 12 V but there are several different brands with different features. Odyssey batteries are sealed lead acid batteries, while other batteries are gel batteries or absorbed glass mat (AGM). Each type of battery requires a different type of charger or maintainer. For example, Odyssey makes specific battery testers and chargers for their batteries. Other popular brands include BatteryMinder, Battery Tender, and Schumacher battery chargers. All of these brands work on both sealed lead acid batteries, as well as AGM and Gel batteries.
  • Maintaining Batteries With Battery Chargers
    Batteries are an expensive component for many devices, both large and small. In order for a battery to have a long life, it must be properly maintained and charged.

    Type of Battery. Properly maintaining a battery depends greatly on the type of battery. There are many types of batteries for all types of devices both large and small. Heavy equipment uses large 12 Volt batteries that require charging of the liquid electrolyte for proper maintenance. Smaller electronic appliances use alkaline or lithium batteries that are much smaller in size and require less intensive charging.
  • Purchasing Replacement Laptop Batteries And Power Supplies
    The type of laptop battery one might need all depends on the manufacturer and the model of the laptop or notebook computer. There are many manufacturers, even more models of laptops and accessories. Here is a look at some of the most popular brands and what they have to offer.

    Dell is one of the most popular brands of laptop and notebook computers. They have a huge selection, good prices, and good customer service. Dell has many different types of computers that have different battery and power supply requirements, as with most computer manufacturers.
  • Lithium Batteries
    Lithium batteries have quickly risen to the top of the list in most popular batteries. There have been many attempts by chemists and engineers over the generations to develop the best battery. While we still may be many years from an everlasting battery, the lithium ion battery is the closest this generation has come.

    Specifications: These are the general specifications for lithium batteries for operation.
    Operating Temperature Range - 55° C to +200° C
    Energy Density - 14.7 Wh/in3 / 900 Wh/L - Based on 3.3 average loaded voltage
    Nominal Voltage -3.9 V / 3.6 V
    Watt Hours (for D size cell)- 59.0
  • The Many Types Of Antennas
    Beyond radio antennas, there are many types of antennas that perform different tasks necessary for transmitting data and information. Here is a look at various types of antennas that have been developed and their functions.

    Radio Antenna: Radio Antennas are the most commonly known type of antennas. Radio antennas work by using an arrangement of electrical conductors which can conduct and transmit electromagnetic waves, specifically, radio waves. Radio antennas are classified by a number of parameters including resonant frequency, gain, bandwidth, impedance, polarization, efficiency, transmission, and reception. Antennas are used in a wide variety of settings for many different purposes.
  • What Is An Electronic Component?
    The Digital revolution has changed the world we live in today. Every aspect of everyone’s day is in some way affected or controlled by electronics and electronic devices. But what makes up these devices, what makes them so popular, and how have they been able to become such a huge part of everyday human life? Here is a description of what exactly electronic components are and why we use them.

    What? A basic electronic component is anything that is an electronic element with two or more connectors, packaged discretely. Electronic elements are generally packaged in conjunction with other electronic elements for a necessary function. These functions are generally performed by circuit boards, which are a conglomerate of many basic electronic components connected together in complex groups.
  • Electromechanical Sensors And Actuators
    There is a group of electronic devices known as electromechanical sensors and actuators. These devices are responsible for turning sounds into electrical currents. There are four main devices, referenced below, along with their functions and technologies.

    Microphone. A transducer is an electrical device that converts one type of energy to another. A microphone is an acoustic to electric transducer, for the purpose of converting sound into an electrical signal. The microphone captures information from the air and then translates it into electrical information. Microphones are used in a variety of applications including telephones, hearing aids, radio and television broadcasting, audio engineering, and computers. The most commonly used microphones today are condenser microphones and dynamic microphones.
  • The Stages Of Electronic Circuit Design
    Circuit Design is a project that is completely separate from actual circuit construction. Circuit design takes place months and years before the final product is actually assembled. Here are the major steps of circuit design and their purpose.

    Specification- Specification is the first step of circuit design that designates the functionality of the finished circuit. Specification is a technical description of the circuit including electrical requirements and physical parameters. Specifications are continuously updated and fine tuned and referred to throughout the design process.
  • Electronic Design Automation
    Electronic Design Automation (EDA) is a process that has revolutionized the way circuits and computers chip are made and how they function. Chip design was previously done completely by hand. The results were costly and not always ideal. So what is EDA and what does it mean for electronics?

    What is EDA? -
    EDA is a broad term for computer aided design, engineering, and manufacturing. EDA is used by companies that produce large circuits that are too complex to be designed by hand. Several marked accomplishments in circuit design technology including materials and processes have allowed companies to develop EDA. Design automation software was developed in the 1970s by large companies as well as academic institutions; however, this software became commercially available in the 1980s.

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